D6: Health and Safety
This selection organises nationwide Chinese legislation by practical health and safety topic. Chinese original provisions are shown alongside unofficial English translations. Applicability depends on the workplace, activity and relevant technical requirements.
Legal Provisions
Management responsibility, competence and risk identification
Work Safety Law
Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2002, last amended 2021)
中华人民共和国安全生产法（2002年公布，2021年最后修正）
Staffing and qualification requirements depend on industry, workforce size and work activities. Appointing a representative under the Standard does not replace statutory safety staffing.
Safety management staffing
English translation · Unofficial
Article 24 Entities engaged in mining, metal smelting, construction or transport, and entities producing, operating, storing, loading or unloading hazardous substances, shall establish a safety management body or appoint full-time safety management personnel.
Other production and business entities with more than 100 workers shall establish a safety management body or appoint full-time safety management personnel. Those with 100 workers or fewer shall appoint full-time or part-time safety management personnel.
Chinese original
第二十四条 矿山、金属冶炼、建筑施工、运输单位和危险物品的生产、经营、储存、装卸单位，应当设置安全生产管理机构或者配备专职安全生产管理人员。
前款规定以外的其他生产经营单位，从业人员超过一百人的，应当设置安全生产管理机构或者配备专职安全生产管理人员；从业人员在一百人以下的，应当配备专职或者兼职的安全生产管理人员。
Competence of managers and safety personnel
English translation · Unofficial
Article 27 The principal persons in charge of a production or business entity and its safety management personnel must possess safety knowledge and management competence appropriate to its activities.
For entities producing, operating, storing or loading and unloading hazardous substances, and for mining, metal-smelting, construction and transport entities, the principal persons in charge and safety management personnel must pass an assessment of their safety knowledge and management competence by the competent department responsible for safety supervision. No fee may be charged for the assessment.
Entities producing, storing or loading and unloading hazardous substances, and mining and metal-smelting entities, shall engage registered safety engineers in safety management. Other production and business entities are encouraged to employ them. Registered safety engineers are managed by professional category under measures formulated by the State Council departments for human resources and social security and emergency management together with relevant State Council departments.
Chinese original
第二十七条 生产经营单位的主要负责人和安全生产管理人员必须具备与本单位所从事的生产经营活动相应的安全生产知识和管理能力。
危险物品的生产、经营、储存、装卸单位以及矿山、金属冶炼、建筑施工、运输单位的主要负责人和安全生产管理人员，应当由主管的负有安全生产监督管理职责的部门对其安全生产知识和管理能力考核合格。考核不得收费。
危险物品的生产、储存、装卸单位以及矿山、金属冶炼单位应当有注册安全工程师从事安全生产管理工作。鼓励其他生产经营单位聘用注册安全工程师从事安全生产管理工作。注册安全工程师按专业分类管理，具体办法由国务院人力资源和社会保障部门、国务院应急管理部门会同国务院有关部门制定。
Risk controls and hazard investigation
English translation · Unofficial
Article 41 Production and business entities shall establish a graded safety-risk control system and take corresponding control measures according to risk level.
They shall also establish, improve and implement a system for identifying and addressing production-safety hazards, take technical and management measures to discover and eliminate hazards promptly, and keep truthful records. The status of hazard investigation and rectification shall be communicated to workers through workers’ meetings, workers’ representative meetings, information boards or similar means. The investigation and rectification of major accident hazards shall be reported promptly to the departments responsible for safety supervision and to workers’ meetings or workers’ representative meetings.
Local government departments responsible for safety supervision at or above county level shall include major accident hazards in the relevant information system and establish a supervision system to urge production and business entities to eliminate them.
Chinese original
第四十一条 生产经营单位应当建立安全风险分级管控制度，按照安全风险分级采取相应的管控措施。
生产经营单位应当建立健全并落实生产安全事故隐患排查治理制度，采取技术、管理措施，及时发现并消除事故隐患。事故隐患排查治理情况应当如实记录，并通过职工大会或者职工代表大会、信息公示栏等方式向从业人员通报。其中，重大事故隐患排查治理情况应当及时向负有安全生产监督管理职责的部门和职工大会或者职工代表大会报告。
县级以上地方各级人民政府负有安全生产监督管理职责的部门应当将重大事故隐患纳入相关信息系统，建立健全重大事故隐患治理督办制度，督促生产经营单位消除重大事故隐患。
Contracting, leasing and outsourced safety management
English translation · Unofficial
Article 49 Production and business entities shall not contract out or lease production projects, premises or equipment to entities or individuals lacking the required safety conditions or qualifications.
Where production projects or premises are contracted out or leased to another entity, the parties shall sign a special safety management agreement or specify their respective safety management duties in the contract or lease. The production or business entity shall coordinate and manage the contractor’s or lessee’s safety work, conduct regular inspections and promptly require correction of safety problems found.
Construction contractors for mining and metal-smelting projects and projects for producing, storing or loading and unloading hazardous substances shall strengthen construction safety management. They shall not illegally transfer construction qualifications by sale, lease, lending, affiliation or other means; subcontract the entire project to a third party; divide it up and subcontract the parts under the guise of separate subcontracts; or subcontract it to an entity lacking the required qualifications.
Chinese original
第四十九条 生产经营单位不得将生产经营项目、场所、设备发包或者出租给不具备安全生产条件或者相应资质的单位或者个人。
生产经营项目、场所发包或者出租给其他单位的，生产经营单位应当与承包单位、承租单位签订专门的安全生产管理协议，或者在承包合同、租赁合同中约定各自的安全生产管理职责；生产经营单位对承包单位、承租单位的安全生产工作统一协调、管理，定期进行安全检查，发现安全问题的，应当及时督促整改。
矿山、金属冶炼建设项目和用于生产、储存、装卸危险物品的建设项目的施工单位应当加强对施工项目的安全管理，不得倒卖、出租、出借、挂靠或者以其他形式非法转让施工资质，不得将其承包的全部建设工程转包给第三人或者将其承包的全部建设工程支解以后以分包的名义分别转包给第三人，不得将工程分包给不具备相应资质条件的单位。
Training, hazard information and emergency withdrawal
Work Safety Law
Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2002, last amended 2021)
中华人民共和国安全生产法（2002年公布，2021年最后修正）
Safety training for workers, dispatched workers and interns
English translation · Unofficial
Article 28 Production and business entities shall provide safety education and training to workers so that they have the necessary safety knowledge, understand applicable safety rules and operating procedures, master the skills for their posts, understand accident response measures and know their safety rights and duties. Workers who have not passed the required education and training shall not take up work.
Where an entity uses dispatched workers, it shall include them in its unified worker management and train them in the safety procedures and operating skills for their posts. The labour-dispatch agency shall also provide necessary safety education and training.
Where an entity accepts interns from secondary vocational schools or higher education institutions, it shall provide appropriate safety education and training and necessary personal protective equipment. The school shall assist with that education and training.
The entity shall keep safety education and training records truthfully stating the time, content, participants and assessment results.
Chinese original
第二十八条 生产经营单位应当对从业人员进行安全生产教育和培训，保证从业人员具备必要的安全生产知识，熟悉有关的安全生产规章制度和安全操作规程，掌握本岗位的安全操作技能，了解事故应急处理措施，知悉自身在安全生产方面的权利和义务。未经安全生产教育和培训合格的从业人员，不得上岗作业。
生产经营单位使用被派遣劳动者的，应当将被派遣劳动者纳入本单位从业人员统一管理，对被派遣劳动者进行岗位安全操作规程和安全操作技能的教育和培训。劳务派遣单位应当对被派遣劳动者进行必要的安全生产教育和培训。
生产经营单位接收中等职业学校、高等学校学生实习的，应当对实习学生进行相应的安全生产教育和培训，提供必要的劳动防护用品。学校应当协助生产经营单位对实习学生进行安全生产教育和培训。
生产经营单位应当建立安全生产教育和培训档案，如实记录安全生产教育和培训的时间、内容、参加人员以及考核结果等情况。
Information about hazards and safety suggestions
English translation · Unofficial
Article 53 Workers of a production or business entity have the right to know the hazards present in their workplaces and posts, the preventive measures and the accident-response measures, and to make suggestions concerning the entity’s safety work.
Chinese original
第五十三条 生产经营单位的从业人员有权了解其作业场所和工作岗位存在的危险因素、防范措施及事故应急措施，有权对本单位的安全生产工作提出建议。
Refusal of unsafe instructions without retaliation
English translation · Unofficial
Article 54 Workers have the right to criticise, report or lodge complaints about problems in their entity’s safety work, and to refuse instructions that violate rules or orders to undertake dangerous work.
An entity shall not reduce a worker’s wages, benefits or other treatment, or terminate the worker’s labour contract, because the worker has exercised those rights.
Chinese original
第五十四条 从业人员有权对本单位安全生产工作中存在的问题提出批评、检举、控告；有权拒绝违章指挥和强令冒险作业。
生产经营单位不得因从业人员对本单位安全生产工作提出批评、检举、控告或者拒绝违章指挥、强令冒险作业而降低其工资、福利等待遇或者解除与其订立的劳动合同。
Stopping work and emergency withdrawal
English translation · Unofficial
Article 55 Where workers discover an emergency that directly endangers personal safety, they have the right to stop work or, after taking such emergency measures as are possible, leave the workplace.
An entity shall not reduce their wages, benefits or other treatment, or terminate their labour contracts, because they stopped work or withdrew in that emergency.
Chinese original
第五十五条 从业人员发现直接危及人身安全的紧急情况时，有权停止作业或者在采取可能的应急措施后撤离作业场所。
生产经营单位不得因从业人员在前款紧急情况下停止作业或者采取紧急撤离措施而降低其工资、福利等待遇或者解除与其订立的劳动合同。
Equipment, hazardous work and hazardous chemicals
Work Safety Law
Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2002, last amended 2021)
中华人民共和国安全生产法（2002年公布，2021年最后修正）
Safety equipment maintenance and protective devices
English translation · Unofficial
Article 36 The design, manufacture, installation, use, testing, repair, alteration and scrapping of safety equipment shall conform to national or industry standards.
Production and business entities shall regularly maintain and service safety equipment and test it periodically to ensure normal operation. Maintenance, servicing and testing shall be recorded and signed by the relevant personnel.
Entities shall not disable or damage monitoring, alarm, protective or lifesaving equipment and facilities directly related to production safety, or alter, conceal or destroy related data and information.
Entities in catering and similar industries using gas shall install combustible-gas alarms and ensure their normal operation.
Chinese original
第三十六条 安全设备的设计、制造、安装、使用、检测、维修、改造和报废，应当符合国家标准或者行业标准。
生产经营单位必须对安全设备进行经常性维护、保养，并定期检测，保证正常运转。维护、保养、检测应当作好记录，并由有关人员签字。
生产经营单位不得关闭、破坏直接关系生产安全的监控、报警、防护、救生设备、设施，或者篡改、隐瞒、销毁其相关数据、信息。
餐饮等行业的生产经营单位使用燃气的，应当安装可燃气体报警装置，并保障其正常使用。
Supervision of hazardous work
English translation · Unofficial
Article 43 When conducting blasting, lifting, hot work, temporary electrical work or other hazardous operations specified by the State Council emergency management department together with other relevant departments, a production or business entity shall assign dedicated personnel to manage safety on site and ensure compliance with operating procedures and implementation of safety measures.
Chinese original
第四十三条 生产经营单位进行爆破、吊装、动火、临时用电以及国务院应急管理部门会同国务院有关部门规定的其他危险作业，应当安排专门人员进行现场安全管理，确保操作规程的遵守和安全措施的落实。
Hazardous Chemicals Safety Law
Hazardous Chemicals Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2025)
中华人民共和国危险化学品安全法（2025年公布）
This law took effect on 1 May 2026. Article 47 applies to entities using hazardous chemicals; it does not mean that every such user requires a hazardous-chemical safety-use licence.
Safe use of hazardous chemicals
English translation · Unofficial
Article 47 The conditions, including processes, under which an entity uses hazardous chemicals shall comply with laws, administrative regulations and national or industry standards. According to the type, hazardous characteristics, quantity and method of use of those chemicals, the entity shall establish and improve safety management rules and safe operating procedures to ensure their safe use.
Chinese original
第四十七条 使用危险化学品的单位的使用条件（包括工艺）应当符合法律、行政法规的规定和国家标准、行业标准的要求，并根据所使用的危险化学品的种类、危险特性以及使用量和使用方式，建立健全使用危险化学品的安全管理规章制度和安全操作规程，保证危险化学品的安全使用。
Special Equipment Safety Law
Special Equipment Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2013)
中华人民共和国特种设备安全法（2013年公布）
First determine whether the equipment falls within the legal definition of special equipment; then assess registration, personnel and inspection duties.
Maintenance of special equipment and safety accessories
English translation · Unofficial
Article 39 An entity using special equipment shall regularly maintain and service it, conduct periodic self-inspections and keep records.
It shall periodically calibrate and repair the equipment’s safety accessories and protective devices and keep records.
Chinese original
第三十九条 特种设备使用单位应当对其使用的特种设备进行经常性维护保养和定期自行检查，并作出记录。
特种设备使用单位应当对其使用的特种设备的安全附件、安全保护装置进行定期校验、检修，并作出记录。
Periodic inspection of special equipment
English translation · Unofficial
Article 40 An entity using special equipment shall request a periodic inspection from a special-equipment inspection institution one month before the existing inspection certificate expires, as required by safety technical specifications.
After receiving the request, the institution shall promptly inspect the equipment’s safety performance in accordance with those specifications. The user shall display the inspection mark prominently on the equipment.
Special equipment that has not undergone a periodic inspection or has failed one shall not continue to be used.
Chinese original
第四十条 特种设备使用单位应当按照安全技术规范的要求，在检验合格有效期届满前一个月向特种设备检验机构提出定期检验要求。
特种设备检验机构接到定期检验要求后，应当按照安全技术规范的要求及时进行安全性能检验。特种设备使用单位应当将定期检验标志置于该特种设备的显著位置。
未经定期检验或者检验不合格的特种设备，不得继续使用。
Occupational hazards, health surveillance and heat protection
Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases
Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2001, last amended 2018)
中华人民共和国职业病防治法（2001年公布，2018年最后修正）
Occupational health examinations depend on the hazards to which workers are exposed; ordinary welfare check-ups are not a substitute. Article 15 concerns employers whose activities generate occupational-disease hazards.
Workplace conditions, welfare facilities and health
English translation · Unofficial
Article 15 In addition to the conditions for establishment prescribed by law and administrative regulations, the workplace of an employer whose activities generate occupational-disease hazards shall meet these occupational-health requirements:
(1) The intensity or concentration of occupational hazards complies with national occupational-health standards; (2) facilities correspond to the need to protect against occupational hazards; (3) the production layout is reasonable and separates hazardous from non-hazardous operations; (4) supporting hygiene facilities include changing rooms, bathing rooms and rest rooms for pregnant workers; (5) equipment, tools and other facilities protect workers’ physical and mental health; and (6) other requirements for protecting workers’ health prescribed by law, administrative regulations and the State Council health department.
Chinese original
第十五条 产生职业病危害的用人单位的设立除应当符合法律、行政法规规定的设立条件外，其工作场所还应当符合下列职业卫生要求：
（一）职业病危害因素的强度或者浓度符合国家职业卫生标准；
（二）有与职业病危害防护相适应的设施；
（三）生产布局合理，符合有害与无害作业分开的原则；
（四）有配套的更衣间、洗浴间、孕妇休息间等卫生设施；
（五）设备、工具、用具等设施符合保护劳动者生理、心理健康的要求；
（六）法律、行政法规和国务院卫生行政部门关于保护劳动者健康的其他要求。
Monitoring occupational hazards and corrective action
English translation · Unofficial
Article 26 Employers shall arrange daily monitoring of occupational-disease hazards by designated personnel and ensure the monitoring system operates normally.
They shall periodically test and assess workplace hazards as prescribed by the State Council health department. Results shall be placed in the occupational-health file, reported periodically to the local health department and made known to workers.
Testing and assessment shall be carried out by a legally established occupational-health technical service institution accredited by the State Council health department or a local health department at or above the level of a city divided into districts, according to their respective responsibilities. The results shall be objective and truthful.
If workplace hazards fail to meet national occupational-health standards and hygiene requirements, the employer shall immediately take corrective measures. If those measures do not achieve compliance, the hazardous operation must cease. It may resume only after control measures bring the hazards into compliance.
Chinese original
第二十六条 用人单位应当实施由专人负责的职业病危害因素日常监测，并确保监测系统处于正常运行状态。
用人单位应当按照国务院卫生行政部门的规定，定期对工作场所进行职业病危害因素检测、评价。检测、评价结果存入用人单位职业卫生档案，定期向所在地卫生行政部门报告并向劳动者公布。
职业病危害因素检测、评价由依法设立的取得国务院卫生行政部门或者设区的市级以上地方人民政府卫生行政部门按照职责分工给予资质认可的职业卫生技术服务机构进行。职业卫生技术服务机构所作检测、评价应当客观、真实。
发现工作场所职业病危害因素不符合国家职业卫生标准和卫生要求时，用人单位应当立即采取相应治理措施，仍然达不到国家职业卫生标准和卫生要求的，必须停止存在职业病危害因素的作业；职业病危害因素经治理后，符合国家职业卫生标准和卫生要求的，方可重新作业。
Occupational health examinations and job protection
English translation · Unofficial
Article 35 For workers exposed to occupational-disease hazards, employers shall arrange occupational-health examinations before assignment, during employment and on departure, as prescribed by the State Council health department, and inform workers of the results in writing. The employer bears the cost.
Employers shall not assign workers without a pre-employment examination to hazardous work, or assign workers with an occupational contraindication to the prohibited work. A worker found to have work-related health damage shall be transferred from the post and appropriately accommodated. An employer shall not terminate a labour contract before the worker has received the required examination on departure.
Occupational-health examinations shall be performed by a medical or health institution with a medical-institution licence. Health departments shall strengthen regulation of such examinations under measures formulated by the State Council health department.
Chinese original
第三十五条 对从事接触职业病危害的作业的劳动者，用人单位应当按照国务院卫生行政部门的规定组织上岗前、在岗期间和离岗时的职业健康检查，并将检查结果书面告知劳动者。职业健康检查费用由用人单位承担。
用人单位不得安排未经上岗前职业健康检查的劳动者从事接触职业病危害的作业；不得安排有职业禁忌的劳动者从事其所禁忌的作业；对在职业健康检查中发现有与所从事的职业相关的健康损害的劳动者，应当调离原工作岗位，并妥善安置；对未进行离岗前职业健康检查的劳动者不得解除或者终止与其订立的劳动合同。
职业健康检查应当由取得《医疗机构执业许可证》的医疗卫生机构承担。卫生行政部门应当加强对职业健康检查工作的规范管理，具体管理办法由国务院卫生行政部门制定。
An Jian Zong An Jian [2012] No. 89, Measures for the Administration of Heatstroke Prevention and Cooling
An Jian Zong An Jian [2012] No. 89, Measures for the Administration of Heatstroke Prevention and Cooling (promulgated 2012)
安监总安健〔2012〕89号，防暑降温措施管理办法（2012年公布）
These selected provisions concern high-temperature work. Working-time adjustments and allowances are addressed alongside D4; heat-specific duties should not be applied unchanged to every workplace.
Drinks and medicines for heat protection
English translation · Unofficial
Article 11 Employers shall supply workers performing high-temperature work or working in hot weather with sufficient heat-prevention drinks meeting hygiene standards and necessary medicines.
Cash or goods shall not replace those drinks, and the drinks shall not be counted toward the high-temperature allowance.
Chinese original
第十一条 用人单位应当为高温作业、高温天气作业的劳动者供给足够的、符合卫生标准的防暑降温饮料及必需的药品。
不得以发放钱物替代提供防暑降温饮料。防暑降温饮料不得充抵高温津贴。
Rest areas for high-temperature work
English translation · Unofficial
Article 12 Employers shall establish rest areas in high-temperature working environments. They shall have seating and good ventilation or heat-prevention facilities such as air conditioning.
Chinese original
第十二条 用人单位应当在高温工作环境设立休息场所。休息场所应当设有座椅，保持通风良好或者配有空调等防暑降温设施。
Fire safety, accommodation and emergencies
Fire Protection Law
Fire Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 1998, last amended 2021)
中华人民共和国消防法（1998年公布，2021年最后修正）
Fire safety duties, maintenance and drills
English translation · Unofficial
Article 16 Government bodies, organisations, enterprises, public institutions and other entities shall perform these fire-safety duties:
(1) Implement the fire-safety responsibility system, establish fire-safety rules and operating procedures, and prepare fire-extinguishing and emergency-evacuation plans; (2) provide fire facilities and equipment and install fire-safety signs in accordance with national and industry standards, and arrange regular inspection and repair to keep them effective; (3) conduct a comprehensive inspection of building fire facilities at least once a year, maintain complete and accurate records and retain them for reference; (4) keep evacuation routes, emergency exits and fire-engine access routes clear, and ensure fire and smoke compartments and separation distances meet technical fire standards; (5) conduct fire inspections and promptly eliminate fire hazards; (6) conduct targeted fire drills; and (7) perform other fire-safety duties prescribed by law and regulations.
The entity’s principal person in charge is responsible for its fire safety.
Chinese original
第十六条 机关、团体、企业、事业等单位应当履行下列消防安全职责：
（一）落实消防安全责任制，制定本单位的消防安全制度、消防安全操作规程，制定灭火和应急疏散预案；
（二）按照国家标准、行业标准配置消防设施、器材，设置消防安全标志，并定期组织检验、维修，确保完好有效；
（三）对建筑消防设施每年至少进行一次全面检测，确保完好有效，检测记录应当完整准确，存档备查；
（四）保障疏散通道、安全出口、消防车通道畅通，保证防火防烟分区、防火间距符合消防技术标准；
（五）组织防火检查，及时消除火灾隐患；
（六）组织进行有针对性的消防演练；
（七）法律、法规规定的其他消防安全职责。
单位的主要负责人是本单位的消防安全责任人。
Protection of fire facilities and escape routes
English translation · Unofficial
Article 28 No entity or individual may damage, misappropriate, or remove or disable fire facilities or equipment without authorisation; bury, enclose or obstruct fire hydrants; occupy fire separation distances; or occupy, obstruct or close evacuation routes, emergency exits or fire-engine access routes. Doors and windows in crowded places shall not be fitted with obstacles that impede escape or firefighting and rescue.
Chinese original
第二十八条 任何单位、个人不得损坏、挪用或者擅自拆除、停用消防设施、器材，不得埋压、圈占、遮挡消火栓或者占用防火间距，不得占用、堵塞、封闭疏散通道、安全出口、消防车通道。人员密集场所的门窗不得设置影响逃生和灭火救援的障碍物。
Work Safety Law
Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2002, last amended 2021)
中华人民共和国安全生产法（2002年公布，2021年最后修正）
Separation of hazardous premises and dormitories
English translation · Unofficial
Article 42 Workshops, shops and warehouses in which hazardous substances are produced, operated, stored or used shall not be located in the same building as employee dormitories and shall maintain a safe distance from them.
Production and business premises and employee dormitories shall have clearly marked, unobstructed exits and evacuation routes meeting emergency evacuation requirements. Occupying, locking or blocking their exits or evacuation routes is prohibited.
Chinese original
第四十二条 生产、经营、储存、使用危险物品的车间、商店、仓库不得与员工宿舍在同一座建筑物内，并应当与员工宿舍保持安全距离。
生产经营场所和员工宿舍应当设有符合紧急疏散要求、标志明显、保持畅通的出口、疏散通道。禁止占用、锁闭、封堵生产经营场所或者员工宿舍的出口、疏散通道。
Emergency Response Law
Emergency Response Law of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2007, last amended 2024)
中华人民共和国突发事件应对法（2007年公布，2024年最后修订）
Article 35 imposes preventive duties on all organisations, while Article 36 identifies specified organisations. Government emergency-management duties should not be recast as enterprise duties.
Risk identification and prevention by all organisations
English translation · Unofficial
Article 35 All organisations shall establish and improve safety management systems, regularly identify and assess hazard sources, and formulate preventive measures. They shall regularly inspect implementation of those measures and promptly eliminate accident hazards. They shall understand and promptly address problems that may lead to public-security incidents, prevent conflicts from escalating, and, as required, promptly report possible emergencies and preventive measures to the local people’s government or relevant departments.
Chinese original
第三十五条 所有单位应当建立健全安全管理制度，定期开展危险源辨识评估，制定安全防范措施；定期检查本单位各项安全防范措施的落实情况，及时消除事故隐患；掌握并及时处理本单位存在的可能引发社会安全事件的问题，防止矛盾激化和事态扩大；对本单位可能发生的突发事件和采取安全防范措施的情况，应当按照规定及时向所在地人民政府或者有关部门报告。
Emergency plans and resources for specified organisations
English translation · Unofficial
Article 36 Mining, metal-smelting and construction entities, and entities producing, operating, transporting, storing or using flammable and explosive substances, hazardous chemicals, radioactive materials or other dangerous substances, shall formulate specific emergency plans and provide necessary emergency rescue apparatus, equipment and supplies. They shall investigate hazards in their production and business premises, buildings and structures containing dangerous substances, and surrounding areas, and promptly control risks and eliminate hazards to prevent emergencies.
Chinese original
第三十六条 矿山、金属冶炼、建筑施工单位和易燃易爆物品、危险化学品、放射性物品等危险物品的生产、经营、运输、储存、使用单位，应当制定具体应急预案，配备必要的应急救援器材、设备和物资，并对生产经营场所、有危险物品的建筑物、构筑物及周边环境开展隐患排查，及时采取措施管控风险和消除隐患，防止发生突发事件。
Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases
Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 1989, last amended 2025)
中华人民共和国传染病防治法（1989年公布，2025年最后修订）
The 2025 revision took effect on 1 September 2025. Disease-control measures should also be read alongside D5 on non-discrimination and D7 on privacy.
Cooperation with infectious-disease controls
English translation · Unofficial
Article 14 All entities and individuals in the territory of the People’s Republic of China shall support infectious-disease prevention and control, accept and cooperate with lawful measures such as investigation, sample collection, testing, isolation treatment and medical observation adopted to prevent, control and eliminate infectious-disease risks, and take necessary protective measures as required for prevention and control.
The State supports and encourages participation by entities and individuals. Governments at all levels shall improve relevant systems and provide facilitative measures to guide participation in education, outbreak reporting, volunteer services and donations for infectious-disease prevention and control.
Chinese original
第十四条 中华人民共和国领域内的一切单位和个人应当支持传染病防治工作，接受和配合为预防、控制、消除传染病危害依法采取的调查、采集样本、检验检测、隔离治疗、医学观察等措施，根据传染病预防、控制需要采取必要的防护措施。
国家支持和鼓励单位和个人参与传染病防治工作。各级人民政府应当完善有关制度，提供便利措施，引导单位和个人参与传染病防治的宣传教育、疫情报告、志愿服务和捐赠等活动。
Protective equipment, first aid and treatment after accidents
Work Safety Law
Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2002, last amended 2021)
中华人民共和国安全生产法（2002年公布，2021年最后修正）
Provision and use of personal protective equipment
English translation · Unofficial
Article 45 Production and business entities must provide workers with personal protective equipment that meets national or industry standards, and supervise and educate workers in wearing and using it in accordance with the rules.
Chinese original
第四十五条 生产经营单位必须为从业人员提供符合国家标准或者行业标准的劳动防护用品，并监督、教育从业人员按照使用规则佩戴、使用。
Funding for protective equipment and training
English translation · Unofficial
Article 47 Production and business entities shall allocate funds for providing personal protective equipment and conducting safety training.
Chinese original
第四十七条 生产经营单位应当安排用于配备劳动防护用品、进行安全生产培训的经费。
Treatment and compensation after accidents
English translation · Unofficial
Article 56 After a production-safety accident, a production or business entity shall promptly take measures to treat the affected persons.
Workers injured in such an accident who, in addition to work-injury insurance benefits, have a right to compensation under relevant civil law may claim that compensation.
Chinese original
第五十六条 生产经营单位发生生产安全事故后，应当及时采取措施救治有关人员。
因生产安全事故受到损害的从业人员，除依法享有工伤保险外，依照有关民事法律尚有获得赔偿的权利的，有权提出赔偿要求。
Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases
Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2001, last amended 2018)
中华人民共和国职业病防治法（2001年公布，2018年最后修正）
First-aid supplies, washing facilities and similar measures depend on specific hazards. This provision does not set a universal number of first-aid kits or technical parameters for eyewash units.
First-aid facilities and maintenance of protective equipment
English translation · Unofficial
Article 25 At toxic or harmful workplaces where acute occupational injury may occur, employers shall install alarms and provide on-site first-aid supplies, washing facilities, emergency evacuation routes and necessary areas for releasing hazards.
For workplaces involving radiation and the transport or storage of radioactive isotopes, employers must provide protective equipment and alarms and ensure that workers exposed to radiation wear personal dosimeters.
Employers shall regularly maintain and repair occupational-disease prevention equipment, emergency rescue facilities and personal protective equipment for occupational-disease protection, and periodically test their performance and effectiveness to keep them in normal condition. They shall not remove or stop using them without authorisation.
Chinese original
第二十五条 对可能发生急性职业损伤的有毒、有害工作场所，用人单位应当设置报警装置，配置现场急救用品、冲洗设备、应急撤离通道和必要的泄险区。
对放射工作场所和放射性同位素的运输、贮存，用人单位必须配置防护设备和报警装置，保证接触放射线的工作人员佩戴个人剂量计。
对职业病防护设备、应急救援设施和个人使用的职业病防护用品，用人单位应当进行经常性的维护、检修，定期检测其性能和效果，确保其处于正常状态，不得擅自拆除或者停止使用。
Buildings, food, nursing facilities and transport
State Council Order No. 279, Regulation on the Quality Management of Construction Projects
State Council Order No. 279, Regulation on the Quality Management of Construction Projects (promulgated 2000, last amended 2019)
国务院令第279号，建设工程质量管理条例（2000年公布，2019年最后修订）
This provision principally concerns the project owner’s completion-acceptance duties. Existing and leased buildings require assessment of construction date, changes in use and actual hazards; it does not impose an identical annual building inspection on every factory.
Completion inspection before construction projects are used
English translation · Unofficial
Article 16 After receiving a construction project completion report, the project owner shall organise the design, construction, supervision and other relevant entities to inspect the completed project for acceptance.
Acceptance requires: (1) completion of the design and contract requirements; (2) complete technical files and construction management records; (3) entry inspection reports for the principal construction materials, components and equipment used; (4) quality conformity documents separately signed by the survey, design, construction and supervision entities; and (5) a project warranty signed by the construction entity.
The project may be delivered for use only after passing acceptance inspection.
Chinese original
第十六条 建设单位收到建设工程竣工报告后，应当组织设计、施工、工程监理等有关单位进行竣工验收。
建设工程竣工验收应当具备下列条件：
(一)完成建设工程设计和合同约定的各项内容；
(二)有完整的技术档案和施工管理资料；
(三)有工程使用的主要建筑材料、建筑构配件和设备的进场试验报告；
(四)有勘察、设计、施工、工程监理等单位分别签署的质量合格文件；
(五)有施工单位签署的工程保修书。
建设工程经验收合格的，方可交付使用。
Food Safety Law
Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2009, last amended 2025)
中华人民共和国食品安全法（2009年公布，2025年最后修正）
These provisions concern canteens and other food production or business activities. Food-worker health certificate duties should not be extended to all factory workers. The 2025 amendment took effect on 1 December 2025.
Food premises, storage, drinking water and hygiene
English translation · Unofficial
Article 33 Food production and business operations shall meet food-safety standards and these requirements:
(1) Premises for handling raw materials and processing, packaging and storing food shall be appropriate to the type and quantity of food, be kept clean and at the prescribed distance from toxic or harmful places and other sources of contamination; (2) equipment and facilities shall be appropriate to the operation, including facilities for disinfection, changing clothes, washing, natural and artificial lighting, ventilation, corrosion prevention, dust, fly, rodent and insect control, cleaning, wastewater treatment, and storage of rubbish and waste; (3) full-time or part-time food-safety technical personnel and managers and food-safety rules shall be in place; (4) equipment layout and processes shall prevent cross-contamination between food awaiting processing and ready-to-eat food, and between raw materials and finished products, and prevent contact with toxic or unclean substances; (5) tableware, drinking vessels and containers for ready-to-eat food shall be cleaned and disinfected before use, and cooking utensils shall be cleaned after use; (6) containers, tools and equipment for storing, transporting and loading or unloading food shall be safe, harmless and clean, prevent contamination and meet any special temperature or humidity requirements; food shall not be stored or transported with toxic or harmful substances; (7) packaging, tableware, drinking vessels and containers for ready-to-eat food shall be non-toxic and clean; (8) food workers shall maintain personal hygiene, wash their hands and wear clean work clothes and head coverings; when selling unpackaged ready-to-eat food they shall use non-toxic, clean containers, tools and equipment; (9) water shall meet national drinking-water hygiene standards; (10) detergents and disinfectants shall be safe and harmless to humans; and (11) other requirements prescribed by law and regulations shall be met.
Non-food-business operators who store, transport or load and unload food shall comply with item (6) above.
Chinese original
第三十三条 食品生产经营应当符合食品安全标准，并符合下列要求：
（一）具有与生产经营的食品品种、数量相适应的食品原料处理和食品加工、包装、贮存等场所，保持该场所环境整洁，并与有毒、有害场所以及其他污染源保持规定的距离；
（二）具有与生产经营的食品品种、数量相适应的生产经营设备或者设施，有相应的消毒、更衣、盥洗、采光、照明、通风、防腐、防尘、防蝇、防鼠、防虫、洗涤以及处理废水、存放垃圾和废弃物的设备或者设施；
（三）有专职或者兼职的食品安全专业技术人员、食品安全管理人员和保证食品安全的规章制度；
（四）具有合理的设备布局和工艺流程，防止待加工食品与直接入口食品、原料与成品交叉污染，避免食品接触有毒物、不洁物；
（五）餐具、饮具和盛放直接入口食品的容器，使用前应当洗净、消毒，炊具、用具用后应当洗净，保持清洁；
（六）贮存、运输和装卸食品的容器、工具和设备应当安全、无害，保持清洁，防止食品污染，并符合保证食品安全所需的温度、湿度等特殊要求，不得将食品与有毒、有害物品一同贮存、运输；
（七）直接入口的食品应当使用无毒、清洁的包装材料、餐具、饮具和容器；
（八）食品生产经营人员应当保持个人卫生，生产经营食品时，应当将手洗净，穿戴清洁的工作衣、帽等；销售无包装的直接入口食品时，应当使用无毒、清洁的容器、售货工具和设备；
（九）用水应当符合国家规定的生活饮用水卫生标准；
（十）使用的洗涤剂、消毒剂应当对人体安全、无害；
（十一）法律、法规规定的其他要求。
非食品生产经营者从事食品贮存、运输和装卸的，应当符合前款第六项的规定。
Health management of food workers
English translation · Unofficial
Article 45 Food producers and operators shall establish and implement a health management system for their workers. Persons with diseases specified by the State Council health department as affecting food safety shall not work in positions involving contact with ready-to-eat food.
Food workers who come into contact with ready-to-eat food shall undergo an annual health examination and obtain a health certificate before starting work.
Chinese original
第四十五条 食品生产经营者应当建立并执行从业人员健康管理制度。患有国务院卫生行政部门规定的有碍食品安全疾病的人员，不得从事接触直接入口食品的工作。
从事接触直接入口食品工作的食品生产经营人员应当每年进行健康检查，取得健康证明后方可上岗工作。
State Council Order No. 619, Special Provisions on Labour Protection for Female Employees
State Council Order No. 619, Special Provisions on Labour Protection for Female Employees (promulgated 2012)
国务院令第619号，女职工劳动保护特别规定（2012年公布）
The original conditions—relatively many female employees and facilities based on their needs—remain relevant. They do not impose an identical facilities duty on every employer.
Facilities for female employees and nursing mothers
English translation · Unofficial
Article 10 Employers with relatively many female employees shall, according to their needs, establish facilities such as women’s hygiene rooms, rest rooms for pregnant employees and nursing rooms, and properly address difficulties concerning menstrual hygiene and breastfeeding.
Chinese original
第十条 女职工比较多的用人单位应当根据女职工的需要，建立女职工卫生室、孕妇休息室、哺乳室等设施，妥善解决女职工在生理卫生、哺乳方面的困难。
Road Traffic Safety Law
Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2003, last amended 2021)
中华人民共和国道路交通安全法（2003年公布，2021年最后修正）
These provisions apply to transport services subject to road-traffic rules. Traffic within a factory also requires controls based on its site, vehicles and activities.
Vehicle passenger limits
English translation · Unofficial
Article 49 The number of people carried by a motor vehicle shall not exceed its approved capacity. Passenger motor vehicles shall not carry goods in violation of the rules.
Chinese original
第四十九条
机动车载人不得超过核定的人数，客运机动车不得违反规定载货。
Seat belts and motorcycle helmets
English translation · Unofficial
Article 51 When a motor vehicle is travelling, its driver and passengers shall use seat belts as required. Motorcycle drivers and passengers shall wear safety helmets as required.
Chinese original
第五十一条
机动车行驶时，驾驶人、乘坐人员应当按规定使用安全带，摩托车驾驶人及乘坐人员应当按规定戴安全头盔。
Mental health, harassment and privacy
Mental Health Law
Mental Health Law of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2012, last amended 2018)
中华人民共和国精神卫生法（2012年公布，2018年最后修正）
Work environment and mental health
English translation · Unofficial
Article 15 Employers shall create a work environment beneficial to employees’ physical and mental health and pay attention to their mental health. They shall provide targeted mental-health education to employees at particular stages of career development or in special positions.
Chinese original
第十五条 用人单位应当创造有益于职工身心健康的工作环境，关注职工的心理健康；对处于职业发展特定时期或者在特殊岗位工作的职工，应当有针对性地开展心理健康教育。
Civil Code
Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated 2020)
中华人民共和国民法典（2020年公布）
Detailed provisions on working time, employment security, general discrimination and personal-information processing are cross-referenced in D3, D4, D5 and D7.
Prevention and handling of sexual harassment
English translation · Unofficial
Article 1010 Where a person sexually harasses another against that person’s wishes through speech, writing, images, physical acts or other means, the victim has the right to request that the perpetrator bear civil liability according to law.
Government bodies, enterprises, schools and other entities shall take reasonable measures to prevent, receive complaints about, investigate and handle sexual harassment carried out through abuse of authority, subordinate relationships or other means.
Chinese original
第一千零一十条 违背他人意愿，以言语、文字、图像、肢体行为等方式对他人实施性骚扰的，受害人有权依法请求行为人承担民事责任。
机关、企业、学校等单位应当采取合理的预防、受理投诉、调查处置等措施，防止和制止利用职权、从属关系等实施性骚扰。
Privacy and private life
English translation · Unofficial
Article 1032 Natural persons have the right to privacy. No organisation or individual shall infringe another person’s privacy through prying, intrusion, disclosure, publication or other means.
Privacy comprises the peace of a natural person’s private life and the private spaces, activities and information that the person does not wish others to know.
Chinese original
第一千零三十二条 自然人享有隐私权。任何组织或者个人不得以刺探、侵扰、泄露、公开等方式侵害他人的隐私权。
隐私是自然人的私人生活安宁和不愿为他人知晓的私密空间、私密活动、私密信息。
Mapping Gap
Scope
The notes below compare the scope of the selected laws with the Standard; they are editorial analysis, not legal text. A point not directly covered by this selection does not mean that no Chinese requirement exists, and omitted technical detail does not establish a legal gap.
D6.2 — Statutory safety roles and the Standard’s management representative
Articles 24 and 27 of the Work Safety Law establish staffing and competence requirements, with conditions that vary by organisation. These statutory roles are not automatically equivalent to the representative responsible for all health and safety requirements of SA8000. The organisation should define that representative’s responsibilities and authority while also meeting statutory staffing requirements.
D6.3 — Business relationships and cumulative risk
The selected provisions support risk controls, contractor and tenant coordination, and occupational health protection. They do not fully reproduce the Standard’s scope of impacts caused, contributed to, or directly linked through business relationships, or its integrated treatment of normal and exceptional conditions and immediate, long-term or cumulative effects. A site hazard register alone does not establish full conformity.
D6.4 — Ergonomic assessment and controls
Article 15(5) of the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law provides a general requirement for equipment and tools to protect physiological and psychological health, and the library contains relevant ergonomic standards. The selected legal provisions do not prescribe one universal assessment method or numerical limit for every industry. Task-specific assessment and controls remain necessary; this should not be described as an absence of ergonomic requirements in China.
D6.7 — Systematic identification of psychosocial hazards
Mental health, sexual harassment and privacy are supported by the selected provisions, with working-time and employment protections addressed in D3 and D4. The selected national provisions do not reproduce D6.7’s full list or a single matching procedure covering unreasonable deadlines, conflicting expectations, lack of transparency and unreasonable employment insecurity. These factors still need to be assessed in practice, beyond responding to harassment complaints.
D6.9、D6.10 — Direct legal support; implementation remains risk-specific
The selected laws directly support casualty treatment, provision and funding of PPE, and, in specified settings, emergency facilities and maintenance of protective equipment. These topics are not classified here as lacking legal support. Appropriate first-aid capability, assistance with follow-up treatment, and suitable PPE maintenance and replacement still require risk-specific verification against applicable requirements; the selected provisions do not establish universal staffing ratios or replacement intervals.
D6.11 — Scope and completeness of welfare facilities
Chinese laws and technical standards provide support for welfare facilities, including sanitation, drinking water, meal spaces, changing facilities and nursing-related facilities. Their omission from this concise selection does not establish a legal gap. Applicability differs across instruments, however, and the selected provisions do not form one universal checklist for every owned, leased or service-provider environment. A changing room alone does not establish that all secure-storage needs are met.
D6.12 — National and international quality standards
Housing, food and transport are subject to Chinese legal and technical requirements. D6.12 also refers to relevant international quality standards. Domestic legal compliance does not by itself establish conformity with every relevant international standard, and an international standard is not automatically mandatory Chinese law. Applicable quality requirements should be identified for each service provided.
D6.13 — Management systems and M1–M10
Chinese law establishes management duties covering responsibility, training, risk controls, worker involvement and emergency preparedness. This review did not identify a national instrument imposing the complete M1–M10 framework as a single equivalent legal system. A legal compliance checklist alone does not demonstrate that all requirements for leadership, stakeholder involvement, integrity, monitoring, grievances and strategic review have been implemented.